9 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... blood pressure ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Potential Complications
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... #Transfusions #diagnosis
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... #Transfusion #diagnosis
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
acids elevated blood ... hormonal imbalances (low ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... pathophysiology #diagnosis