12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... #Transfusions #diagnosis
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... #Transfusion #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
impairment of cellular metabolism ... removal from the blood ... excretion (e.g., urine ... sweat) - its metabolism ... #typea #typeb #classification