10 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... #Transfusions #diagnosis
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... #Transfusion #diagnosis
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
impairment of cellular metabolism ... removal from the blood ... excretion (e.g., urine ... sweat) - its metabolism ... #typeb #classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
acids elevated blood ... imbalances (low FSH and LH ... hormone levels cause ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... pathophysiology #diagnosis