10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... of sodium and potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... consumption • Low ... : - Metabolic
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... EABV, Low Plasma ... #potassium #differential
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal: metabolic ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #diagnosis #management ... differential #causes #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal: metabolic ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... EmmGeezee #Shock #Classification ... #diagnosis #management ... differential #causes #classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... blood pressure ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... factor (white blood ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... Transfusions #diagnosis #management
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
acids elevated blood ... hormonal imbalances (low ... FSH and LH levels ... abuse may lead to metabolic ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea