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diagnosis nephrology management algorithm causes hematology low product reactions acidosis alkalosis chloride elevation gitelman lactate lactic pathophysiology rhabdomyolysis syndrome transfusion
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... of sodium and potassium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... factor (white blood ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential # ... #Classification
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... - Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... potassium from
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... potassium from
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... removal from the blood ... excretion (e.g., urine ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... #typea #typeb #classification
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