12 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... /low blood pressure ... of sodium and potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
or low blood pressure ... (renal potassium ... (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... factor (white blood ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential # ... #Classification
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... - Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... potassium from
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... potassium from