9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diarrhea ... • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... diarrhea), Sweat ... - Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diarrhea Potential ... Supplement: • Potassium ... • Magnesium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diarrhea (congenital ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... - Bartter - Gitelman
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification