9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... diarrhea), Sweat ... - Normal/low ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diarrhea (congenital ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diarrhea Potential ... Supplement: • Potassium ... • Magnesium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification