14 results
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
involving both UMN ... combination of UMN ... involvement • UMN ... conditions listed in differential ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... >15X ULN ... < 5x ULN ... kwburak #LFTs #Elevated
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... - Differential ... > 15x ULN • Viral ... disease US — Normal ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
IgG typically elevated ... upper limit of normal ... Hepatitis (eg Viral) Management ... + AST > 10x ULN ... AIH #Diagnosis #Management
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
/ULN ALT) / (Alk ... phos/ULN ALP) ... specificity to elevated ... • Near normal ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
likely - Mid range/ULN ... Vit D • If all ... normal, move on ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... endocrinology #calcium #elevated
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
& AST normal or ... slightly elevated ... early on but elevated ... > 1.5 x ULN • ... bile ducts Differential
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... > ULN, with moderate ... #Indications #management
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Findings: • ↑AST/ALT ... (5-10x ULN), ↑Tbili ... infiltration) Differential ... Intrahepatic Cholestasis Management ... obgyn #diagnosis #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Labs: • CPK 5X ULN ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Management