26 results
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... Ducts - PBC ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

•
Perform paracentesis:
 • Cell count and diff 
 • Total
Check ascites WBC ... and PMN • Calculate ... gastroenterology #hepatology
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
reported (eg AIH-PBC ... upper limit of normal ... Hepatitis (eg Viral) Management ... AIH #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hepatology
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis 
Clinical 
 • Fever 
 • Chills 
 • Abdominal pain 
Diagnosis
Diagnosis • PMN ... stain/culture Management ... SBP #Diagnosis #Hepatology
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Calculate absolute PMN ... count (total WBC ... PMN count for RBCs ... (subtract 1 PMN ... SBP #diagnosis #management
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
) - Summary PBC ... • ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
Diagnosis and Management ... source • SBP: PMN ... count (WBC x PMN ... Ascites #Diagnosis #Management ... #Summary #Hepatology
Synovial Fluid Analysis:

Findings (COLOR	TRANSPARENCY	VISCOSITY	WBC COUNT (PER MM3)	PMN CELL COUNT (%)	GRAM STAIN	CULTURE	PCR TEST	CRYSTALS)

By Condition (Normal 
Noninflammatory 
Inflammatory:
TRANSPARENCY VISCOSITY WBC ... COUNT (PER MM3) PMN ... By Condition (Normal
►
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
significant: > 10% Band ... Band neutrophils ... • Abnormal temperature ... bacteremia • Abnormal ... #CBC #hematology