17 results
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... Transaminitis #Algorithm #diagnosis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Ischemia • Autoimmune ... disease US — Normal ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
Autoimmune Hepatitis ... reported (eg AIH-PBC ... upper limit of normal ... BryanCUlrich #Autoimmune ... #Management #Hepatology
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS ... count (total WBC ... (subtract 1 PMN ... Peritonitis #SBP #diagnosis ... #management #prophylaxis
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Differential Diagnosis ... Corticosteroid use • Autoimmune ... • Abnormal temperature ... bacteremia • Abnormal ... #differential #diagnosis
Synovial Fluid Analysis:

Findings (COLOR	TRANSPARENCY	VISCOSITY	WBC COUNT (PER MM3)	PMN CELL COUNT (%)	GRAM STAIN	CULTURE	PCR TEST	CRYSTALS)

By Condition (Normal 
Noninflammatory 
Inflammatory:
TRANSPARENCY VISCOSITY WBC ... COUNT (PER MM3) PMN ... By Condition (Normal ... nongonococcal ) #Diagnosis
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
• ALT & AST normal ... Diagnosis: • ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... Differential Diagnosis ... #cholangitis #diagnosis
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
Ascites - Diagnosis ... and Management ... count (WBC x PMN ... HershShroff #Ascites #Diagnosis ... #Management #Summary
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... - If both are normal ... of ALP • Near normal ... liver #chemistry #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated ... Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis ... #management #neurology