9 results
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Moderate - ALT 5-15X ULN ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... Burak @kwburak #LFTs
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Moderate ALT 5-15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... • Others #LFTs
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... - If both are normal ... transaminitis #LFTs
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
subclinical disease to acute ... upper limit of normal ... ALT + AST > 5x ULN ... AND IgG > 2x ULN ... regarding need for treatment
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... IU/mL and ALT > ULN ... immunosuppression • Acute ... > 3 mg/dL) or acute
Acute Pancreatitis - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Epigastric abdominal pain (90%, characteristically
Acute Pancreatitis ... 2) Lipase > 3x ULN ... Lipase, Ca2+, LFTs ... #Pancreatitis #Acute ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... Multiple Sclerosis Treatment ... symptoms) • Acute ... management #neurology #treatment
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Urea 20-70 % ((UUN ... ТРСО2 → Тнсоз acute ... IPCO2 → ІнСО3 acute ... g/6.25 - (24h UUN ... PaCO2 > 50mmHg (acute
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Management
A. Initiate therapy 
 - Initiate 1st line therapy with UDCA (13-15
if ALP > 1.5x ULN ... and/or abnormal ... Cirrhosis #Management #Treatment