98 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... disruption —+ charge barrier
Causes of acute heart failure
 - Acute pressure overload (increased afterload, mechanical flow obstruction) 
 -
Causes of acute ... Acute pressure overload ... - Acute volume overload ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Primary Myocardial Processes (> 90%):
 • Acquired structural heart disease: CAD, Most
Causes of Sudden ... Long/short QT syndromes ... , Brugada syndrome ... Cardiac #Arrest #cardiology ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
- Toxic and overload ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Deep T Wave Inversions - Differential
Normal variants 
  A. Juvenile T wave pattern
right ventricular overload ... cardiomyopathy (Yamaguchi syndrome ... wave inversion syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Cardiology #ECG
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... Hyperreflexia #Testing #Causes
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
CHF • Fluid overload ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Scleroderma renal crises ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Other Causes ... Myasthenia - Guillain Barre
Causes of Myocarditis
Infectious Etiologies:
 • Viral agents: Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus), Herpesviruses (human herpesvirus 6, Epstein—Barr virus),
Causes of Myocarditis ... herpesvirus 6, Epstein—Barr ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
COPD phenotypes:  Blue Bloaters vs. Pink Puffers
The two most stereotypical forms of COPD are pink
Overall this physiological ... patients have an overlap ... syndrome of COPD ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... airflow obstruction causes
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