16 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... metabolic acidosis ... metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl- responsive metabolic ... diuretic use, Bartter ... the indicated causes ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... actively working • Bartter ... thiazide-sensitive site) Metabolic ... after fasting #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... Hippurate - Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... aldosterone escape #Metabolic ... #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7. ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... #management #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... out of cells may cause ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... dissipation of metabolic ... maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic