13 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... encephalopathies #encephalopathy ... #patterns #MRI ... #Neurology #pathology ... #diseases #radiology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
and Metabolic Brain ... Heroin Inhalation Central ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... Disorders #Clinical #Differential ... #Neurology
Causes of Secondary Headaches (without Red Flag Symptoms) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute
 • Sinusitis
 • Dental
Causes of Secondary ... Sinusitis • Dental ... • Traumatic Brain ... #Headaches #Neurology ... #Differential #
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... parietal lobes of the brain ... Reversible course Differential ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Pachymeningitis is a rare condition that causes areas of a layer
Pachymeningitis - Differential ... condition that causes ... spinal cord and brain ... thickening can cause ... hypotension - Secondary
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... affecting the Brain ... attributable to central ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... noninflammatory #differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... lesions of the central ... nervous system: Brain ... hepatitis B and C ... EMG) studies • MRI
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy ... malformations Brain ... Epilepticus #Seizures #Differential ... #neurology
Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
  A. Low cardiac output states
  B. Environmental exposure (cold)
exposure (cold) C. ... from extremities Central ... Anatomic shunts ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Cardiology