14 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... sediment, urinary ... #Microscopy #Urinary ... Kidney #Stones #Crystals ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... #Urinary #Chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... aldosteronism #Metabolic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... - Some crystals ... may indicate metabolic
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Alkalosis Urine ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Gap - UAG and Urine ... pH Calculate Urinary ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... aldosterone escape #Metabolic
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
test (with 24-h urine ... alcohol induced - Urinary ... ganglioma - 24-h urinary ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
circulating volume, Urinary ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... , RBCs, casts, crystals ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup