34 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... surrogate for Urine ... excreted with Cl ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
, CNS/muscular disorders ... Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... #potassium #differential
Ketosis Disorders - Comparison Table
 • Starvation Ketosis
 • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Ketosis Disorders ... nickmmark #Ketosis #Disorders ... #ketones #differential ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... between disorders ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Thyroid Disorders and Menstrual Cycle Function

Hypothyroidism
 • Polymenorrhea (increased menstrual bleeding) is more common
 • Oligomenorrhea
Thyroid Disorders ... miscarriage #Thyroid #Disorders ... Menstrual #Cycle #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Granulomatous Disorders ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology