11 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Diffuse Lung Disease ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... • Chronic Lung ... Arterial Hypertension ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Approach to Eosinophilic Lung Diseases
 • Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (< 1 wk) - ~30yo, M; Recent
Diseases • Acute ... Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ... , wt loss; CV, CNS ... #Diseases #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #comparison
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... absence of intrinsic lung ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... on radioactive lung ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... sparing of the lung ... blood retum in serial ... differential #diagnosis #management
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
• 8%-27% for CNS ... : • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary ... MALT Lymphoma • Lung ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... days before Pulmonary ... one post op Cardiology ... unless prior heart/lung ... medical and surgical management
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... worsening of that disease ... pleural effusions, CNS ... #Inflammatory #Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management