21 results
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... finding of diplopia ... Microvascular disease Infectious ... Diplopia #Differential
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... hemianopia and diplopia ... hearing loss, palsy ... #Infections #differential ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Vision - Differential ... • CN VI palsy ... Ill palsy ... #DoubleVision #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Initiation of ART in HIV patients with Opportunistic Infections
 • Pulmonary TB and CD4 cell count
Opportunistic Infections ... count >50 • CNS ... regardless of CD4 ... Opportunistic #Infections ... #management #infectiousdiseases
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy ... ) Nerve palsy ... ) Nerve palsy • ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
Pulmonary Infections ... spp, Atypical infection ... Blood and sputum cx ... bronchoscopy Infectious ... diagnosis #evaluation #differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... splenomegaly Other infections ... Lymphoma (CD4 < ... multiple lesions Infectious ... Lesions #Brain #differential
Anisocoria Evaluation Flow Chart - Differential Diagnosis
1. Check pupillary reaction to light 
2. Measure pupil size.
Evaluation Flow Chart - Differential ... Anisocoria - CN ... III Palsy - Pharmacologic ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
Proptosis - Differential ... Unilateral: • Infections ... Bilateral: • Infections ... Red Flags: • Diplopia ... Bilateral #Causes #ophthalmology
Causes of Relative Bradycardia - Note the propensity for intracellular organisms.
Infectious: 
Legionella, Psittacosis, Q fever, Typhoid
Infectious: Legionella ... spotted fever, Non-infectious ... : ß-blockers, CNS ... bradycardia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases