10 results
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... ARBs Decreased Renin ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... imports K+ into cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Hyperkalemia • Direct renin ... Aliskiren) • Renin ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thrombocytosis: cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... Hematuria with benign ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic ... testicular Leydig cells ... inflammation #BPH #Benign ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Medications #Pharmacology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... inversely related to renin ... smooth muscle cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... ++ influx into cells ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... increases out of cells ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... Classification #Classes #pathophysiology
Adrenoceptor Actions
α1
 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Intestinal
• Pancreatic ß-cells ... juxtaglomerular cells ... - ↑ Renin secretion ... receptors #actions #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology