7 results
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
bacilli - Fungi (Candida ... , Aspergillus, Histoplasma ... ) - Culture negative ... streptococci - Culture ... Pathogens #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
negative infective ... whipplei, Fungi (Aspergillus ... , Candida), Mycoplasma ... BCNIE #Causes #differential ... #negative #Endocarditis
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
Fungal Biomarkers ... • Pathogens: Candida ... Coccidioides - Negative ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... Galactomannan #diagnosis #comparison
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... remain negative ... whipplei, Fungi (Aspergillus ... , Candida), Mycoplasma ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
preparation from culture ... exceptions are Aspergillus ... • India ink - "Negative ... #microbiology #microscopy ... fungi #fungus #comparison
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... • Coagulase-negative ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • Blood cultures
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Negative: • Bartonella ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus