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differential nephrology sodium alkalosis extremity leg metabolic workup abnormal cancer clinical comatose dermatomes effusions evaluation hoffmanns hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypokalemia hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
discrete buckets: 1. ... filling of bucket (low ... intake) 2. ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #workup #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... Volume Expanded - 1° ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework Knee Effusion Red Flags: 1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss - DDX: -
Causes of Knee Effusions ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Malignancy 2. ... #Effusions #causes ... #msk #physicalexam
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... the underlying cause
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... can be high or low ... #differential #diagnosis
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
Reflexes: • Knee ... Equina Syndrome - Low ... Commonly caused ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
this specific case ... this signal: 1) ... middle finger. 2) ... clinical #video #neurology ... #PhysicalExam
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 Romberg's Test for Proprioception History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
to perform: 1) ... with eyes open 2) ... Rombergs #Test #neurology ... #diagnosis #proprioception ... #physicalexam
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