220 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
gap metabolic acidosis ... Kidney tubular acidosis ... gap metabolic acidosis ... gap metabolic acidosis ... kidney tubular acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... gap metabolic acidosis ... Kidney tubular acidosis ... causes #urinary #chloride
Causes of Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - USED PART Mnemonic
U: Urinary diversion/ Ureteroenterostomy
S: Small Bowel Fistula
E:
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Fistula E: Extra Chloride ... NonAnionGap #Metabolic #Acidosis
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... 154 mEq/L • Chloride ... gap metabolic acidosis ... receives high chloride ... GFR to reduce chloride
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... High-anion Gap Acidosis ... : • Lactic acidosis ... Renal acidosis ... loads (ammonium chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
contracted: urine chloride ... nasogastric suction • Chloride-rich ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... expanded: urine chloride ... contracted: but urine chloride
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... Chloride Intoxication ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #NonAnionGap #Acidosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
• Fatigue Chloride ... cause metabolic acidosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... Renal tubular acidosis ... • Congenital chloride
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
associated with its Chloride ... leads to Metabolic Acidosis ... Metabolic Acidosis