336 results
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Calcium gluconate or chloride ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... Heart • Calcium Chloride ... Consider cause of hyperkalaemia ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia
Emergency Therapy of Hyperkalemia
Therapy - Dose and Route - Onset of Action - Duration of Effect
Emergency Therapy of Hyperkalemia ... Mechanism Calcium chloride ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
syndrome • Urine Chloride ... Algorithm #nephrology #hypokalemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... loads (ammonium chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... • Congenital chloride
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
1.5 mEq/L • Chloride ... 154 mEq/L • Chloride ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... receives high chloride ... GFR to reduce chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Chloride Intoxication ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Dr Pravin Patel

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #potassium #differential #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia ... Pravin Patel #Hypokalemia ... #Hyperkalemia #