4807 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Congenital chloride ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Algorithm Urine chloride ... < 20 mmol/l - Chloride ... responsive (Chloride ... Alkalosis #Causes #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... use The urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Calcium gluconate or chloride ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... causes #urinary #chloride
Causes of Pediatric Wheezing - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
CXR Abnormal:
 • Pulmonary Sequestration
 • Congenital Adenoid Cystic
Pediatric Wheezing - Differential ... Positive Sweat Chloride ... Wheezing #Wheeze #Differential
Causes of Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - USED PART Mnemonic
U: Urinary diversion/ Ureteroenterostomy
S: Small Bowel Fistula
E:
Fistula E: Extra Chloride ... Mnemonic #Causes #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... contracted: urine chloride ... nasogastric suction • Chloride-rich ... expanded: urine chloride ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... channel, and the chloride–bicarbonate
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Chloride