11 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... potassium #nephrology #low
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
pathophysiologic causes ... staining): • Low ... Complement: Post-strep ... Glomerulonephritis #Vasculitis ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
type 4) - Salt wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Familial renal Mg wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Vasculitis and Vasculitides ... tract, and often causes ... against MPO • Complement ... (Low levels mixed ... #rheumatology #classification
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... in >90% - Low ... complement - Rare ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... sle #comparison #table
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... or alternative complement ... infections are common causes ... for ANCA-related vasculitis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... differential #diagnosis #table
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... or alternative complement ... infections are common causes ... for ANCA-related vasculitis
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... ASA class If ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Orthopedic • Low ... perioperative #Risk #Evaluation