10 results
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine chloride ... Vomiting • NG suction ... diuretic use Urine
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl⁻ with other components ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... Urine chloride is ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High Urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High Urine ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... volume contracted: urine ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... loss if renal function ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... • Vomiting: urine ... in most cases; interpretation ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High Urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Vomiting • NG suction ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology