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Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography
4 Phases of the Capnoqram
I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space
II
ventilated alveoli Ill ... Raise test #Diagnosis ... Capnography #Capnogram #Patterns ... #Waveform #Interpretation ... #pulmonary
On the left some diseases with a nodular pattern.
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary
with a nodular pattern ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Pulmonary ... CTChest #Nodular #Pattern ... Differential #Comparison #Table
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
data regarding pulmonary ... pathophysiology CLINICAL ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #patterns #diagnosis ... #pulmonary
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS correlation in normal lung, pulmonary congestion, rheumatoid lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Notes: (A)
in normal lung, pulmonary ... artifact); (G) UIP pattern ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Correlation #Table ... #ILD #Findings
Basic Interpretation
A structured approach to interpretation of HRCT involves the following questions:
What is the dominant HR-pattern:
reticular
nodular
high
Basic Interpretation ... the dominant HR-pattern ... bronchiectasis) #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #Algorithm #ILD
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Key Components: ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Change in clinical ... stratification #diagnosis
On the left a smoker with RB-ILD with subtle HRCT-findings.
The dominant pattern is ground glass opacification.
Additional
The dominant pattern ... broad differential diagnosis ... and additional clinical ... mandatory for the interpretion ... #Clinical #Radiology
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
This patient’s clinical ... Several of the diagnoses ... exam findings and clinical ... chest radiograph pattern ... defaulting to a normal interpretation