32 results
Hyperopia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Axial length of eye -> Short axial length of the
Hyperopia: Pathogenesis ... Decreased light convergence ... the retina => Hyperopia ... rays require less convergence ... near vision #Hyperopia
The eye is very complex and contains various tissues and structures that work together to provide
exotropia), down (hypotropia ... ), or up (hypertropia
Convergence Retraction Nystagmus with a left 6th nerve palsy

Caused by a Midbrain hemorrhage

Dr. Boby Varkey Maramattom
Convergence Retraction ... @bobvarkey #Convergence
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Deprivational - Obstruction of Visual Axis:
 • Ptosis
 •
Refractive Error) • Hyperopia
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
dissociation - Convergence
Undifferentiated critical congenital heart disease: Patterns of Presentation 
Pink baby:
 • Presents at 1-6 mo
Blue baby: • Hyperoxia
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex) in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis

The Hoffmann's reflex test itself
jerks suggest hypertonia
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
tectal pupils) • Convergence
Strabismus - Ocular Misalignment - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Phoria:
 • Latent deviation
 • Symmetrical corneal light reflex,
(onset 2-4yrs, hyperopic ... exotropia, hyper/hypotopia
Hoffmann's Reflex on Physical Exam
The Hoffmann's reflex itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking
jerks suggest hypertonia