18 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... previously stable values ... and signs of end-organ ... bruit or signs ... #Workup #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... • Weakness • Low-grade ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... #signs #symptoms
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: ... Syndrome, Congenital Adrenal ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia
Cardiovascular
 - Hypertension
 - Orthostatic hypotension
 - Potentiation of digitalis toxicity
 -
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypokalemia ... distension - Ileus Renal ... #Symptoms #Signs ... #Diagnosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... produces them when low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... orthostasis: postural hypotension
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal ... malignant, pediatric cases ... Symptoms and Signs ... common symptoms and signs ... (may reflect low
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Check fresh gas flow ... system including valves ... hypercarbia as causes ... drug interaction, renal ... #Management #Workup
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... → Syncope • Signs ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia ... #causes #stroke
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... abnormalities (hypo- or hypertension ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup