101 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Non-reabsorbable anions Dr ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Brachial Plexus Lesions - Localization and Presentation

Erb palsy ("waiter's tip"), 
Klumpke palsy, 
Thoracic outlet syndrome, Winged
Thoracic outlet syndrome ... ClawHand #Diagnosis #Anatomy ... GrepMed Recommended Text ... Review in Clinical Neurology
The HINTS Exam - Differentiating Central vs Peripheral Vertigo

Head Impulse Test
Nystagmus
Test of Skew

Animation by Dr. Y.
Head Impulse Test ... Nystagmus Test ... Animation by Dr ... #HINTS #Exam #PhysicalExam ... Central #Peripheral #Neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... Hemodialysis By Dr ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... CKD Increased Renal ... Bisphosphonates Dr ... #phosphate #nephrology
String Test in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)

A positive string test in a confabulating patient with Wernicke's-Korsakoff syndrome.
These
Syndrome (WKS) ... These patients are ... Dr. ... WKS #clinical #neurology ... #physicalexam #
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology