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diagnosis hematology differential oncology management thrombocytosis algorithm mds myelodysplastic aplastic cll gap globulin hypokalemia hyponatremia lymphocytic myelodysplasia neurology person platelets
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia ... #hematology #secondary
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Myelogenous Leukemia ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #hematology #oncology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Chronic Lymphocytic ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... #CLL #Chronic ... #diagnosis #workup
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Chronic leukemia ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Marrow Failure • Chronic ... Myelogenous Leukemia ... • Hairy Cell Leukemia ... Workup: • Complete
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
for workup, including ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Infections: Chronic
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute leukemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... 3 questions to work ... correction of chronic ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology
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