15 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
vs Secondary vs ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... excess secretion of hCG ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
high T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism → Signs ... ophthalmopathy → Graves ... T3 → Central (secondary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Administer 250 mcg ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
/SYMPTOMS: • CENTRAL ... Signs and symptoms ... progressive decline → Secondary ... Progressive MS • Primary ... /or cerebellar symptoms
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Give 250 mcg of ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Management #Endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
• Insomnia Primary ... diffuse goiter (Graves ... thyroiditis Secondary ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
treatment. 2) Secondary ... ascending thoracic aorta ... resulting in a dilated aorta ... infected without symptoms ... , secondary and
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... the abdominal aorta ... spermatic vein Secondary ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary