13 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Stork test) • XR ... — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT
Aortic Stenosis - Diagnosis and Stages

Clinical Presentation
- Exertional dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- HF Symptoms (orthopnea, PND,
Palpitations - HF ... Symptoms (orthopnea ... Diagnosis #Stages #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
the only way to detect ... a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Usually ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... , specifically CT
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... e.g. incidental CXR ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
Diagnosis and Management ... duodenum Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Classic ... Pathophysiology: ... • CT findings
Chagas Disease - American Trypanosomiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an infectious
Diagnosis and Management ... Romana's sign ... Indeterminate form (No signs ... /symptoms, positive ... cardiomyopathy (→HF