12 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... • Secondary glaucoma ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma ... damage & blindness Signs ... • Visual field defects ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
- Cotton wool spots ... Cup:Disc: • Glaucoma ... - Visual field defects ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Afferent pupillary defect ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
arrhythmias, congenital defects ... -> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
thrombosis of short ... field: altitudinal defect ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Secondary Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Open-Angle Secondary Glaucoma:
 • Pre-trabecular defect -> Aqueous outflow is obstructed
Pre-trabecular defect ... • Trabecular defect ... Post-trabecular defect ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
Most commonly affects ... the knee hip and ... > Stiffness is short-lived ... JointPain #Diagnosis #pathophysiology