10 results
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
neonates) - Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... insufficiency (Addison's ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Excretion: • Addison ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Excretion: • Addison ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... #differential #
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's ... include protein C deficiency ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 diabetes ... insufficiency #addisons ... #disease #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Poorly controlled diabetes ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Diabetes, diabetic ... Autoimmune: Addison's ... aldosterone synthase deficiency ... #Differential #
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Symptoms include ... and neonates), Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... insufficiency (Addison's
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
10-33% develop MS ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Bilateral signs and/or symptoms ... • Nutritional Deficiency ... management #neurology #differential