13 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... intake - Magnesium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Mg wasting syndromes ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... with previously stable ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... White-coat syndrome ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential ... • Magnesium depletion ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Reversible course Differential ... the underlying cause ... • Magnesium correction ... with AEDs until cause ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology