11 results
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... insufficiency (Addison's ... #diagnosis #differential
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's ... Lung cancer • Renal ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 diabetes ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... insufficiency #addisons
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... damage such as retinal ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
resistance Impaired Renal ... Excretion: • Addison ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #causes #potassium
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... Hyperglycemia, Diabetic ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
resistance Impaired Renal ... Excretion: • Addison ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Renal resistance ... Advanced renal insufficiency ... End-stage renal ... Autoimmune: Addison's ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
mortality in ICU Causes ... and neonates), Diabetic ... • Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... insufficiency (Addison's
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... , and possibly renal ... at the time of diagnosis ... nodules; anterior/posterior ... #Management #Signs
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
is also a late sign ... When the diagnosis ... skin, but the retinal ... are observed for signs ... which are usually renal