7 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... #management #cardiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... ischemic changes CXR ... respiratory distress syndrome ... Transfusion-related acute lung ... #cardiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... ), compartment syndrome ... Elbow #Humerus #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis
Constrictive Pericarditis on Echocardiogram
A 55-year-old female marathon runner presents to clinic w/ 6-months of worsening breathlessness
ASA, Kussmaul's sign ... , marked pedal edema ... , and clear lungs ... expiration not meeting diagnostic ... Echocardiogram #a4c
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... granulomas within the lungs ... e.g. incidental CXR ... #Management #Signs
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of poor perfusion ... Signs of congestion ... and Peripheral Edema ... acute coronary syndrome ... #algorithm #management