886 results
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
Disc Herniations ... 90% of Lumbar disc ... 60% of cervical disc ... the vertebral disc ... complications #msk #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Ischemia of optic disc ... swelling and blurred disc ... Leakage of optic disc ... hemorrhage and disc ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Posterior Vitreous Detachment: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Separation of the cortical vitreous from the neurosensory retina posterior
except at the optic disc ... Vitreous #Detachment #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
ischemia results in disc ... -> Pale Optic Disc ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar degenerative disc ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
intervertebral disc ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
neovascularization in the disc ... complications #pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Syndrome -> Trauma, disc ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Alkaptonuria (Black Urine Disease)
Urine turns dark when left standing due to oxidation of homogentisic acid 
Clinical
intervertebral discs ... Pediatrics #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Papilledema vs Normal Optic Disc

Blurred vs sharp optic disc margins

#Papilledema #OpticDisc #Normal #Comparison #Fundoscopy #Ophthalmology #Clinical
vs Normal Optic Disc ... vs sharp optic disc