8 results
Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Adults 
Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend cut-off values for Doppler-echocardiographic measurements of
Severity of Aortic ... as follows: aortic ... >50 mmHg (2) (Table ... , inconsistent grading ... AorticStenosis #Classification
Aortic Stenosis Grading on echocardiography
The cut-offs for grading can be found in table 1. Discrepancies are
Aortic Stenosis ... The cut-offs for grading ... can be found in table ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #Aortic ... AorticStenosis #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Classification ... Mechanical → severe aortic ... dissection of ascending aorta ... Hemorrhagic → leading ... warm #wet #dry #table
Aortic Stenosis Severity Classification

Mild AS:
 • Valve Area > 1.5 cm2
 • Mean Gradient < 20
Aortic Stenosis ... Severity Classification ... Velocity > 4 m/s #Aortic ... Stenosis #Severity #Classification ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Oral sodium loading ... Hyperthyroidism • Aortic ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... classes, including a diuretic ... with previously stable ... Coarctation of aorta ... #Hypertension #Workup
Laparoscopic Instruments - Common Surgical Instruments
Many instruments are similar to those used in open surgery, adapted
Laparoscopic work ... Source: Fiber optic ... cable connects ... implements used to work ... Can perform grasping