9 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... for toxic/metabolic ... on Brain Imaging ... #imaging #patterns ... #MRI #Neurology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Imaging Patterns ... Globi Pallidi T2 Low ... #Clinical #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... Bucket with the drain ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... changes - Common pattern ... dystrophies Work ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Imaging Patterns ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... #management #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management