14 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Clinical Findings Classification ... : Posterior drawer ... : The PCL is injured ... pathophysiology #classification ... #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Acute tubular injury ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... acute tubular injury ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Kidney loss of Cl ... • Loss of Cl- ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... #Classification ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... Immune mediated injury ... - RBC casts → Diagnostic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... causes #urology #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
disease 24-hour urine ... Spot PC (protein ... Serum or urine for ... testing #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
to Acute Kidney Injury ... UOP/weights - Urine ... Na/K/Cl/urea/protein ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm