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diagnosis nephrology algorithm hypokalemia treatment potassium rhabdomyolysis table acutekidneyinjury diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic low medications pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... Na/K/Cl/urea/protein ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... exertion/training - Seizures ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... , RTA Type IV, AI ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... Na+K / serum Na ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
exertion/training, Seizures ... Dermatomyositis) AKI ... hour with goal urine ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... K/creatinine (Cr ... continued in most cases ... #diagnosis #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #management #pathophysiology
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