20 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
disorder of the optic nerve ... • Cephalic symptoms ... Constitutional symptoms ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Syphilitic gummas in Tertiary syphilis
Tertiary syphilitic gummas may mimic basal cell carcinoma. The gummatous tumors are
Without treatment ... though there are no signs ... or symptoms. ... including the brain, nerves
Interstitial keratitis in Tertiary Syphilis

Interstitial keratitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea’s connective tissue elements,
Without treatment ... though there are no signs ... or symptoms. ... including the brain, nerves
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
- Impinges on nerves ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
caucasian • Symptoms ... Unilateral • Signs ... corticosteroids TREATMENT ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment ... #rheumatology #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retinal nerve ... arterioles causes optic nerve ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
lights are a key symptom ... leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... Signs / Symptoms ... • Post-nasal drip
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
bone): facial nerve ... dizziness, vertigo, nystagmus ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis