31 results
Chest Pain - Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

History and Exam
Acute life-threatening causes:
 • Acute myocardial infarction
 •
Chest Pain - Diagnosis ... life-threatening causes ... Pneumothorax • Pulmonary ... : • EKG • Bedside ... #Chest #Pain #Diagnosis
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... 60 (1) Sinus bradycardia ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
repolarization causes ... prolonged PR and QT ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Vasopressors Table 
Rough properties by Target Receptor, Heart Rate/Inotropy, Systemic Vascular Resistance, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure,
Vasopressors Table ... Blood Pressure, Pulmonary ... Resistance, Main Uses ... Vasopressors #Properties #Table ... #Pharmacology #
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Bradyarrhythmias • Sinus bradycardia ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... pathology (e.g. ... #Table #Causes
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
• They must be able ... production to cause ... Contraindications: - Bradycardia ... ventricular arrythmias Diagnostics ... : EKG ($), ECHO
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
is not desired (e.g ... is not desired (e.g ... effects: Reflex bradycardia ... Inotropes #comparison #table ... #pharmacology #
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
hypertension, tachy- or bradycardia ... trolley and 12-lead ECG ... CM5 continuous ECG ... Obtain a 12-lead ECG ... #Management #Workup
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Consider known drug causes ... (eg. remifentanil ... , digoxin etc) ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup