15 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... . lupus, CLL, lymphoma ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... #hematology #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Chemotherapy (e.g ... Liver disease, Etc ... valve induced, Etc ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #microscopy
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... permeability Diagnosis ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG ... Treatment: ... #cerebritis #diagnosis
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
- Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... Microscopic polyangiitis ... Associations #diseases #diagnosis ... #table #rheumatology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
underlying disease (eg ... • Infection (eg ... with leukopenia, anemia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... #Diagnosis #Management
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
in tumor lysis syndrome ... urease-producing organisms (e.g ... acidic urine - Diagnostic ... #Crystals #comparison ... #table #urinalysis
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
Differential Diagnosis ... • Malignancy (e.g ... . hematologic) ... Endocrine disorders (e.g ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
and pernicious anemia ... unit activity on EMG ... of diazepam • EMG ... EMG Studies: ... Treatment: •
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Labs/Diagnosis: ... vasculitis - GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... tissue disorder (e.g ... . systemic lupus ... Cryoglobulins #diagnosis
SAPHO Syndrome Summary

What?
SAPHO syndrome is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of bone, joint, and skin characterized
and lower jaw Treatment ... antiinflammatory properties e.g ... Tetracyclines etc ... diagnosis #management ... #Dermatology