11 results
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE 
Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fracture in adults and are
anterior sail sign ... • ED Management ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
onto outstretched hand ... Exam: swollen elbow ... and forearm, limited ... #Forearm #Ulnar ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
onto outstretched hand ... can't make A-OK sign ... • ED Management ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
common elbow fracture ... anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... syndrome • ED Management ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis
Galeazzi Fracture 
Fracture of distal radial shaft with distal radial-ulnar joint disruption. Remember “MUGR” to recall
will be obvious; signs ... Exam: swollen forearm ... #Forearm #Radius ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress fracture ... lumbosacral joint => Forward ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... fibrosis. 4) Calcium ... #Management #Signs
Rickets and Osteomalacia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Calcification inhibitors (excess exposure to A1, Fluoride, etidronate)
Calcium: severe ... Bowed legs • Fractures ... #Osteomalacia #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)

Pathophysiology:
Pyrophosphate produced by chondrocytes likely precipitates with calcium to
Disease (CPPD) Pathophysiology ... shoulders, wrists, elbows ... culture used to diagnose ... attacks • Long-term ... #management