57 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... symptoms/signs, ... • Multiple sclerosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
many different causes ... variety known as ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
is important, as ... early diagnosis ... Inflammatory causes ... disease • Multiple sclerosis ... #neurology #inflammatory
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes' Syndrome) 
Antiphospholipid syndrome - an autoimmune condition where the affected individual produces antibodies
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ... (Hughes' Syndrome ... It can cause arterial ... #APLS #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #neurology #diagnosis
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... Multiple sclerosis ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
symptoms: often ... patient is in the knee-to-chest ... Positive Carnett's sign ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis