18 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... retinal ischemia causes ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
Diabetes – diabetic ... applied to the diabetic ... be the primary cause ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... heart failure • Epilepsy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Preterm Infant Complications - Differential Diagnosis
Respiratory:
 • Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)
 • Respiratory Distress
Preterm Infant Complications ... Enterocolitis (NEC) Neurologic ... Impairments (NDI) Ophthalmology ... Premature #Infant #Complications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic ... a mass as the cause ... • Ischemia • Diabetes ... • Ischemia • Diabetes ... #Ophthalmology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... Glycosylation - AGE cause ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications ... #Diabetes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... Headaches • Nausea ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology